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翻译
  • 简明
  • 柯林斯
  • 牛津
  • scientist

    高中/CET4/CET6

    • 英 [ˈsaɪəntɪst]
    • 美 [ˈsaɪəntɪst]

    释义

    • 常用
    • 高考讲解
    • n.
      科学家
  • 词态变化

    • 复数: scientists;
  • 实用场景例句

    • 全部
    • 科学家
    • 科学工作者

    a research scientist

    从事研究的科学家

    牛津词典

    nuclear scientists

    核科学家

    牛津词典

    scientists and engineers

    科学家和工程师

    牛津词典

    the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory

    疯狂的科学家在实验室工作的卡通形象

    牛津词典

    Scientists have collected more data than expected.

    科学家们已经收集到了比预期更多的数据。

    柯林斯高阶英语词典

    What do you like to do in your spare time?

    空闲时你喜欢干什么?

    辞典例句

    The scientist could not calculate when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.

    那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund.

    由于缺乏资金,这位科学家放弃了他的研究工作.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The scientist was faced with many unknown factors.

    那个科学家面临许多未知数.

    《简明英汉词典》

    I will become a scientist some day.

    明儿我也能成为一名科学家.

    《现代汉英综合大词典》

    A scientist must be precise in making tests.

    科学家做试验必须精确.

    《简明英汉词典》

    In the middle of his tests, the scientist burst on the truth.

    在实验过程中, 那个科学家突然发现了真知.

    《简明英汉词典》

    A scientist must be objective.

    科学家必须客观.

    《简明英汉词典》

    This scientist thinks he's on the scent of a cure for heart disease.

    这个科学家认为自己找到了治愈心脏病的途径.

    《简明英汉词典》

    Her late husband was an outstanding scientist.

    她已故的丈夫是位杰出的科学家.

    《简明英汉词典》

    A scientist never presupposes the truth of an unproved fact.

    科学家从不预先假定未经证实的事实.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The scientist elucidated his theory by three simple demonstrations.

    这位科学家以三个简单的实例来说明他的理论.

    《简明英汉词典》

    A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist.

    树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家.

    《简明英汉词典》

    Seek for an experienced scientist to fill the post.

    找一位有经验的科学家来担当此职.

    《简明英汉词典》

    He is a black scientist.

    他是一位黑人科学家.

    《简明英汉词典》

    A scientist is usually a methodical person.

    科学家通常是办事有条不紊的人.

    《简明英汉词典》

    We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.

    我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访.

    《简明英汉词典》

    This scientist accessed enormous different files to find the correct information.

    这位科学家在计算机上调阅了大量的不同文件以找寻所要的信息.

    《简明英汉词典》

    A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.

    科学家必须提供证据以支持其理论.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The scientist broke fresh ground in his recent book about physics.

    这位科学家在他最近的物理学著作中提出了新的见解.

    《简明英汉词典》

    Madame Curie was the only famous woman scientist in the world.

    居里夫人是世界上唯一有名的女科学家.

    《简明英汉词典》

    He approached the question as a scientist.

    他以一个科学家的眼光去处理这个问题.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The director cast me as a scientist.

    导演选派我扮演科学家.

    《现代英汉综合大词典》

    The film stars a famous actor in the part of the mad scientist.

    本片中的那个疯狂的科学家是由一位著名演员扮演的.

    《简明英汉词典》

    The scientist denied himself many of the comforts of life.

    这位科学家放弃了生活上的许多享受.

    《简明英汉词典》

    收起实用场景例句
  • 真题例句

    • 全部
    • 四级
    • 六级
    • 高考
    • 考研

    A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Then in the late 1500s,food scientists in the Netherlands cultivated large, straight, sweet, red carrots like the ones we eat today.

    出自-2017年6月听力原文

    The scientists suggest this may be an attempt to calm humans down.

    出自-2017年6月听力原文

    The scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.

    出自-2017年6月听力原文

    Scientists identified 20 of the one-meter-long snakes during two trips to the Caribbean islands.

    出自-2017年6月听力原文

    As I began to read about scientists, economists, and philosophers, I started imagining myself in their shoes.

    出自-2015年12月听力原文

    Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend.

    出自-2014年6月阅读原文

    His rich knowledge as a computer scientist and electronic engineer.

    出自-2012年12月阅读原文

    a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions.

    出自-2011年6月阅读原文

    However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates

    出自-2011年6月阅读原文

    The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

    出自-2011年6月阅读原文

    The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career.

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    A concern of psychological scientists is the extent to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment.

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts.

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    the author means few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university.

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university.

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university

    出自-2010年12月阅读原文

    In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction.

    出自-2010年6月阅读原文

    "Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: 'The candidate was productive, or intel

    2017年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

    Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: The candidate was productive,or intelligent,or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise, but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.

    2017年12月四级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

    Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Many scientists believe that El Ni o events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    It is imperative to protect scientists' patents.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public.

    出自-2017年6月阅读原文

    But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.

    出自-2016年6月阅读原文

    Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like ancestry or population that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes ( ' , 基因组 ) of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.

    出自-2016年12月阅读原文

    Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.

    出自-2016年12月听力原文

    It’s no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children’s eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children’s environment.

    出自-2016年12月听力原文

    Canadian scientists have found a worrisome new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.

    出自-2016年12月听力原文

    Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions.

    出自-2015年12月阅读原文

    More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called preparation for future learning.

    出自-2015年12月阅读原文

    In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices.

    出自-2015年12月阅读原文

    How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists.

    出自-2015年12月阅读原文

    But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality ( ' , 心态 ).

    出自-2015年12月阅读原文

    Viewed from scientists’ standpoint, allthe energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat.

    出自-2015年12月听力原文

    Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murdervictims.

    出自-2015年12月听力原文

    "She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about," said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian's work. "She didn't do as much to ch

    2018年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

    Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.

    2016年6月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section C

    Caroline Wagner, a research scientist at George Washington University, notes that international collaborations offer additional flexibility.

    2019年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

    I think she is to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientist.

    2018年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A

    In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues—many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies.

    2017年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

    In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim.

    2016年12月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section C

    There has never been a better time for collaborations with foreign scientist.

    2019年6月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section C

    A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    As a child, few people guessed that he was going to be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 单项填空 原文

    As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.

    2017年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

    2016年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

    Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.

    2016年高考英语四川卷 语法填空 原文

    Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

    2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

    Had the governments and scientists not worked together, aids-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 单项选择 原文

    Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: in their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.

    2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.

    2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

    I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

    2018年高考英语全国卷3 语法填空 原文

    In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species - including species they did not directly attack.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

    Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

    Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the himalayas, is following in that tradition.

    2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.

    2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

    Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

    2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

    Scientists and babies often interact with each other.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

    Scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

    Scientists find from their studies that plants can protect themselves against insects.

    2017年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 题设

    Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 单项选择 原文

    Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction.

    2015年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

    Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out vocs when being attacked.

    2017年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 单项填空 原文

    Scientists have painted a long road red, yellow, and white.

    2019年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

    Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating聚集 around human settlements, leading to the illusion错觉 that populations are higher than they actually are.

    2019年高考英语全国卷I 语法填空 原文

    Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved.

    2015年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

    Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.

    2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

    So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 完形填空 原文

    So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.

    2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company jibo.

    2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

    Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce endlessly.

    2015年高考英语广东卷 完形填空 原文

    Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, "these animals live through their life alone".

    2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's center for global change science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being"captured"by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn though to have close attention to detail.

    2017年高考英语浙江卷(11月) 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

    The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.

    2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

    2018年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

    The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    The ship was the endurance, a small, tight, norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take sir Ernest shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of antArctica's weddell sea.

    2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

    Though scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.

    2015年高考英语安徽卷 单项填空 原文

    Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.

    2016年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

    American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文

    Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

    出自-2010年考研翻译原文

    Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public ( ' , including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文

    When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    This has resulted in protests from social scientists.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文

    What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文

    The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文

    As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文

    Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文

    Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness.

    2014年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

    The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.

    2010年考研真题(英语二)阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

    收起真题例句
  • 英英释义

    Noun

    • 1. a person with advanced knowledge of one of more sciences
    收起英英释义
  • 词根词缀

    词根: sci

    =know,表示"知道"

    • adj.

      conscientious 审慎正直的,认真的,本着良心的

      con全部+sci知道+entious多……的→知道关心的多→有责任,认真的

      conscious [of]意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的

      con全部+sci知道+ous……的→意识到的

      nescient 无知的;没有知识的

      ne不+scient[adj.有知识的, 有技巧的]→adj.无知的;没有知识的

      omniscient 无所示在的

      omni到处+scient知道的→adj.无所示在的

      prescient 有先见之明的

      pre预先+sci知道+ent……的→预先知道的

      scient 有知识的, 有技巧的

      sci知道+ent……的→adj.有知识的, 有技巧的

      scientific 科学上的

      sci知道+ent+ific表形容词→adj.科学上的

      unconscious 不省人事, 未发觉的, 无意识的

      un不+conscious意识到的→adj.不省人事, 未发觉的, 无意识的

    • adj.&n.

      subconscious 潜意识[的],下意识[的]

      sub下面+conscious意识到的→在意识之下→潜意识的

    • n.

      conscience 良心,良知

      con全部+sci知道+ence表名词→全部知道→良知,良心

      prescience 预知, 先见

      pre预先+sci知道+ence表名词→预先知道

      pseudoscience 伪科学

      pseudo假+science科学→n.伪科学

      science 科学;学科

      sci知道+ence表名词→n.科学;学科

      scientist 科学家

      scient[adj.有知识的, 有技巧的]+ist专家或人→n.科学家

  • 行业词典

    • 医学

      科学家:在科学上博学者,尤指在某特定领域积极进行研究者